Late Payment Merry-go-Round
Nearly a quarter of householdsreported paying a charge for a late payment at least one or two times in the past year. And they are not alone—credit card issuers collected more than $16 billion in penalty fees in 2005.
Until 1996, a late payment on a credit card account typically resulted in a fee of $10 to $15, but now such late fees more commonly range from $29 to $39. Of even greater consequence to consumers is the cascade of costs that late payments now trigger: after just one late payment, most major issuers will raise the interest rate on the account to a high “penalty rate” or “default rate” that currently averages over 25 percent.
This higher penalty rate also may be triggered by a cardholder exceeding the credit limit on the account. These late payment penalties—high fees and interest rate hikes—may affect millions of cardholders of all credit risk levels, because grace periods have shrunk, giving customers less turnaround time.
The new, higher default rates may be triggered under the contract without advance notice to the consumer. To create an even greater “sticker shock,” they are applied retroactively to the entire outstanding balance, rather than only to future charges. Another increasingly common, if controversial, practice among card issuers is to extend their right to trigger the penalty rate for reasons unrelated to their own experience with the cardholder on the account.
Known in the industry as “universal default” clauses, these revenue-generating policies amount to levying a fine before there’s an offense. Card issuers now routinely check their cardholders’ credit reports and may raise the interest rate on the card if there has been a change in the consumer’s score, or if there is a late payment reported to a different creditor. Interest rate increases also can be triggered when a cardholder inquires about a car loan or mortgage, gets a new credit card, or bounces a check.